Final answer:
Externalities for mining coal include health issues like breathing problems and environmental impacts like water pollution. These consequences affect individuals not involved in the mining processes and are not calculated in the economic costs of mining.
Step-by-step explanation:
The externalities for mining coal include both environmental and health impacts that are not accounted for in the cost of coal mining and production. These external costs affect third parties and the public at large. Answer A) The breathing problems of the people living near the mine and the water pollution in local streams are examples of externalities. Breathing problems can arise as a result of particulate emissions from burning coal, and black lung disease, a condition characterized by coughing and shortness of breath caused by prolonged exposure to coal dust.
Water pollution can occur from ash generated from combustion and toxic runoff from mining operations contaminating local water sources, impacting ecosystems and the well-being of residents.These externalities have significant health and environmental impacts that need to be taken into consideration when evaluating the costs and benefits of coal mining.