Final answer:
The case where Mr. Garcia sues his doctor is categorized as a State; Civil case because it involves a dispute between two private parties and no criminal charges, with both parties from the same state.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the scenario where Mr. Garcia sues his doctor for injury from malpractice and both parties are from Oklahoma, the correct categorization would be State; Civil. This is because the matter involves two private parties, Mr. Garcia and his doctor, where one party alleges harm or injury by the other, which is a civil law case, not criminal. Additionally, since both parties are from the same state, the state courts would have jurisdiction over the case.
Courts hear two different types of disputes: criminal and civil. In criminal law, the government charges an individual with a crime and is always involved as one of the parties prosecuting the case. In civil law, the case involves private individuals or entities seeking to resolve disputes over legal duties and responsibilities they owe to one another, where no criminal charges are at stake.