Final answer:
For most solid solutes, the amount of solute that can dissolve in a liquid solvent increases as the temperature rises, due to increased kinetic energy. However, the solubility of gaseous solutes like HCl, NH₃, and SO₂ decreases with a temperature increase. The correct option is option (B).
Step-by-step explanation:
As the temperature of a liquid solvent increases, generally the amount of solid solute that can dissolve in it increases. This is because heating the solvent provides more kinetic energy to its molecules, resulting in more frequent and forceful collisions with the solute particles, which helps to break them apart and dissolve them. A temperature change affects not only the rate of dissolution but also the amount of solute that can be dissolved.
However, this is not true for all substances. The solubility of gases such as HCl, NH₃, and SO₂ in liquid solvents actually decreases as the temperature increases. This occurs because as the kinetic energy of these gaseous solutes increases, their molecules tend to escape the attraction of the solvent molecules more readily and return to the gas phase.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is B) It increases, with the caveat that for gaseous solutes, the solubility decreases with an increase in temperature.