Final answer:
Islamic cultures during the Golden Age did not control the Italian Peninsula, while they did control the Iberian Peninsula, the birthplace of Christianity, and the birthplace of Islam.
The correct answer is Option C
Step-by-step explanation:
During the Golden Age of Islam, Islamic cultures controlled a vast region but did not control the Italian Peninsula. They had extensive reach, including the Iberian Peninsula (comprising modern-day Spain and Portugal), the birthplace of Christianity (the Levant region, particularly Bethlehem and Jerusalem), and the birthplace of Islam (the Arabian Peninsula).
However, they did not exert control over the Italian Peninsula, which remained largely under the influence of the Byzantine Empire and later the varying city-states like Venice, Genoa, and the Papal States.
The correct answer is Option C