Final answer:
Lutheranism and Calvinism are two major Protestant denominations that emerged in the 1500s during the Protestant Reformation, founded by Martin Luther and John Calvin respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
Two major Protestant denominations that emerged in the 1500s AD, during the Protestant Reformation, were Lutheranism and Calvinism. Lutheranism was founded by Martin Luther in Germany, after he posted his 95 Theses in 1517, which challenged the Catholic Church's teachings and practices. Calvinism, on the other hand, was based on the teachings of John Calvin, and it became influential in Switzerland, Scotland, France, and England. The followers of John Calvin, known as Calvinists, spread his doctrines widely across Europe. Both of these denominations played significant roles in the religious transformation of Europe and have had a lasting impact on the religious landscape of the world.