Final answer:
Turbidity Current refers to a dense flow of water and clastic sediments. Lithification is the formation of rock from sediment through compaction and cementation. Clastic describes rock made of fragments, recrystallization is the mineral grain reorganization in a rock, cementation is the binding of sediment particles, and petrification is the conversion of organic material to stone.
Step-by-step explanation:
To match the following words with their definitions regarding sedimentary rock formation and characteristics:
- Turbidity Current: A dense current of clastic sediments and water.
- Lithification: The process of forming rock from sediment.
- Compaction: The decrease in volume of sediments from deposition from above.
- Clastic: Made of small fragments like gravel, sand, or silt.
- Recrystallization: The reorganization of mineral grains in a rock while in solid form.
- Cementation: Precipitation of binding material around grains in rocks.
- Petrification: The conversion of organic matter into stone.
Lithification involves two main processes: compaction and cementation. Compaction occurs as sediments are deposited with space between them (porosity), and the weight of additional layers reduces this porosity. Cementation follows, where mineral-rich water filters through, leaving behind minerals that bind the particles together, much like glue. Recrystallization is a process where the minerals within a rock change their form without the rock melting, which helps the rock to develop new textures and structures. Clastic sedimentary rocks are those composed of fragments from pre-existing rocks and can vary in size from large boulders to fine clay, indicating the energy and environment of transportation and deposition.