Final answer:
Two challenges faced by Crusaders before arriving in the Holy Land were the difficulty of organizing travel and the resistance from other rulers. For example, some Crusaders were defeated by the Turks and later Crusader States were threatened by leaders like Imad al-Din Zengi.
Step-by-step explanation:
Two challenges that Crusaders faced before they arrived at the Holy Land were the difficulty of organizing and coordinating the movement of people across Europe and the resistance they faced from other rulers and factions in the region.
During the First Crusade, for example, a group led by Peter the Hermit arrived in Constantinople before other groups, and they were ferried over to Anatolia by the Byzantine ruler. However, they were eventually defeated by the Turks. Later crusaders learned the importance of gathering intelligence in Constantinople to avoid a similar fate.
Furthermore, when the crusaders finally reached the Holy Land, they faced resistance from other leaders, such as Imad al-Din Zengi, who successfully took the city of Edessa. This posed a serious threat to the Crusader States and prompted the Pope to call for the Second Crusade.