Final answer:
The effort force on an inclined plane is applied perpendicular to the slope when exerted on the upper edge of the wedge, simplifying the upward movement of objects on the slope.
Step-by-step explanation:
The effort force is applied perpendicular to the slope of an inclined plane when the effort force is applied to the upper edge (height) of the wedge. This configuration utilizes the mechanical advantage of the inclined plane, making it easier to elevate objects. By applying the effort perpendicular to the slope, the force directly opposes the weight component perpendicular to the plane, which is balanced by the normal force.
An inclined plane and a wedge are essentially the same kind of simple machine, where wedges are two inclined planes back to back. The angled surface of a wedge divides the applied force into two components: one perpendicular and one parallel to the surface. It's important in physics problems to analyze the forces acting along the inclined plane, namely the weight component along the plane causing acceleration and the frictional force acting against it.