Final answer:
The nucleus, ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus work together to produce and transport proteins. Mitochondria are referred to as the powerhouses of the cell because they produce ATP. Vesicles and vacuoles play roles in storage and transportation within the cell. Ribosomes are necessary in all cells for protein synthesis, even in prokaryotic cells. The endosymbiotic theory suggests that mitochondria were once independent bacteria.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nucleus is responsible for controlling all of the cell's activities and contains DNA. Ribosomes throughout the cell are responsible for protein synthesis. The rough endoplasmic reticulum works with ribosomes to produce and transport proteins. The Golgi apparatus further modifies and packages proteins for transport.
Mitochondria, referred to as the powerhouses of the cell, produce ATP, the cell's energy currency. Vesicles and vacuoles are involved in the storage and transport of materials within the cell.
All cells need ribosomes because they are responsible for protein synthesis, even in prokaryotic cells that lack a nucleus and other organelles. Ribosomes play a crucial role in the production of proteins which are necessary for various cellular functions.
The endosymbiotic theory suggests that mitochondria were once free-living bacteria that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells, forming a symbiotic relationship. One piece of evidence supporting this theory is that mitochondria have their own DNA and ribosomes, similar to bacteria.
Lysosomes and peroxisomes are types of organelles, whereas vesicles are types of vesicles.