Final answer:
The mathematical sentence expressing that Henry's next purchase causes him to exceed his credit limit of $2000, after having already charged $612 is: 612 + p > 2000.
Step-by-step explanation:
We need to create a mathematical sentence using the variable p to represent the cost of the next purchase that causes Henry to exceed his credit card limit. Henry has already charged $612, so adding his next purchase p would give us the total amount charged on the card. Seeing as his credit card limit is $2000, and he exceeds this limit with his next purchase, we can say:
612 + p > 2000
This inequality expresses that after his next purchase, the total amount charged (including the previous $612) will be greater than $2000, hence exceeding the limit.