Final answer:
NF-κB induces gene expression by being released from the inhibitory protein IκB upon its phosphorylation by PKC. This allows NF-κB to enter the nucleus, bind to DNA, and initiate transcription.
Step-by-step explanation:
One of the key mechanisms by which the transcription factor NF-κB induces gene expression involves its release from the inhibitory protein IκB (IK-B). Normally, NF-κB is bound to IκB, preventing it from entering the nucleus. However, when IκB is phosphorylated by Protein Kinase C (PKC), it can no longer bind NF-κB. Subsequently, NF-κB is free to enter the nucleus where it binds to DNA and initiates transcription. This phosphorylation of IκB thus allows for the inactivation of the inhibitor and the activation of the transcription process, leading to increase in cellular metabolism and subsequent gene expression.