Final answer:
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) to produce ammonia (NH3) is N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) → 2NH3 (g). This illustrates stoichiometry, where the mole ratio of reactants to products is based on the coefficients of a balanced equation. Equilibrium conditions and pressures in the system can be calculated using the ideal gas law.
Step-by-step explanation:
The chemical reaction between nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) to produce ammonia (NH3) is a classic example used to illustrate the concept of stoichiometry in chemistry. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) → 2NH3 (g).
To balance a chemical equation, one must ensure that the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation. The coefficients in the balanced equation represent the mole ratios needed for the reaction to occur as shown in the figure referenced in the question. In the balanced equation above, one mole of nitrogen reacts with three moles of hydrogen to form two moles of ammonia, conserving mass and following the law of conservation of matter.
The information about an equilibrium mixture containing NH3(g), H2(g), and N2(g) at 500°C gives insight into the dynamic nature of this reaction where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate under certain conditions. The moles of each substance can then be used to calculate partial pressures and total pressure in a system, using the formula:
P = nRT/V where P is pressure, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and V is the volume.