Final answer:
Without specific details on the work or chapter in question, we cannot provide a precise answer regarding Washington's argument or how he supports it. In general, Washington's argument would be supported through evidence, reasoning, and anecdotes. The adequacy of his claims would be evaluated based on the credibility and relevance of the presented evidence.
Step-by-step explanation:
Support of Washington's Argument
The student's question pertains to the arguments presented by Washington within a specific chapter, asking for an elucidation of his reasoning and the extent to which his claims are supported. Unfortunately, without specifying the work or the context of Washington's arguments, providing a specific answer is not possible. However, in a general sense, the support for any claim by an author, including Washington, typically involves providing evidence, reasoning, and examples that illustrate the point in question.
For instance, if the chapter details harmonious race relations under slavery, as one of the prompts suggests, Washington might provide personal anecdotes, legal documents of the time, or recorded events that exemplify instances of such relations. To assess the sufficiency of Washington's support, one must evaluate the credibility, relevance, and adequacy of the evidence in affirming the thesis.
When developing a claim and supporting it with multiple reasons, the student would engage with different documents to extract evidence that substantiates the claim. The approach here would be critical in reviewing the sources and determining their validity in reinforcing the argument. In rhetorical terms, this method adheres to logos, or logical appeal, as the cornerstone of effective argumentation.
Regarding refutational strategies, as mentioned in relation to Darwall, the strength and timing of the evidence are critical. An effective refutation would present strong counter-evidence, question the validity of the original argument's foundations, and introduce the refutation at a strategic point in the discussion to maximize its impact.
In summary, the process of supporting a claim in an argumentative text involves establishing a clear thesis, presenting compelling evidence, applying logical reasoning, and anticipating counterarguments with effective refutations. The exact nature of Washington's argument and his efficacy in support cannot be ascertained without the specific chapter or work in reference.