Question

Select the evidence that Dalton used to conclude his findings.

a) Used flame tests to determine that electrons become excited with more energy and then release that energy as atomic spectra.
b) Performed a series of experiments using pressure, properties of gases, and properties of compounds.
c) Passed a cathode ray between positively and negatively charged plates, with the cathode ray attracting to the positively charged plate.
d) Bombarded a thin layer of gold foil with alpha particles and detected that some alpha particles passed through the gold foil while others deflected.

Answer 1

Dalton used a series of experiments to conclude his findings, including bombarding a thin layer of gold foil with alpha particles and detecting that some passed through while others deflected. Flame tests and experiments with pressure and properties of gases and compounds also provided evidence for Dalton's atomic theory.

Step-by-step explanation:

Dalton used a series of experiments to conclude his findings. This included bombarding a thin layer of gold foil with alpha particles and detecting that some alpha particles passed through the foil while others deflected. This experiment led to the conclusion that atoms have a small, positively charged nucleus and electrons are located outside the nucleus. (d)

Moreover, Dalton used flame tests to determine that electrons become excited with more energy and then release that energy as atomic spectra. This observation provided evidence for the existence of electrons in atoms. (a)

It is also worth mentioning that Dalton performed a series of experiments using pressure, properties of gases, and properties of compounds. The consistent observations from these experiments supported his atomic theory. (b)