Final answer:
The Roman Republic originated the legal system that introduced the idea of individuals being considered innocent until proven guilty. This principle was later included in British Common Law and the United States Constitution, particularly in the Sixth Amendment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The legal system that originated the idea that people accused of crimes are considered innocent until proven guilty is the Roman Republic (A). The concept of presumed innocence is a foundational legal principle that was embodied in Roman law and became a fundamental part of legal systems throughout history, including British Common Law as stated by Sir William Blackstone, and eventually the United States Constitution, specifically within the Sixth Amendment.
Roman legal tradition included the use of precedent in legal decisions and the belief that there is a spirit to laws beyond a literal interpretation. Additionally, during the times of the Roman Republic and Empire, overlapping legal systems existed where provincial individuals were subject to their own laws, while still being loyal to Rome. The Romans' approach to law indeed included the idea that one is presumed innocent until proven guilty.
The Law of Nations, early attempts at codifying laws such as the Twelve Tables, and the constitution of the Roman Republic, all contributed to this legal philosophy. The Romans established private law to govern disputes between individuals and public law concerning disputes between individuals and the state. These principles are echoed in modern legal systems and have contributed to the Rule of Law as understood today.