Final answer:
Neither the Second nor the Third Crusade ended with a decisive victory for the Christians. The Second Crusade resulted in a defeat for European armies, while the Third Crusade, despite efforts by Richard the Lionheart, concluded with Saladin maintaining control over Jerusalem. Hence, option C is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the Second Crusade, which took place from 1147 to 1149, the Christian forces did not achieve a significant victory. This crusade ended with a decisive defeat of the European armies, and thus the victory cannot be attributed to the leaders of this crusade, such as King Louis VII of France and King Conrad III of Germany.
The Third Crusade (1189-1192), often associated with Richard the Lionheart (England), also did not result in a clear victory for the Christians. Though Richard the Lionheart secured some achievements such as the capture of the cities of Cyprus and Acre, he did not succeed in recapturing Jerusalem. Instead, it was Saladin (Turks) who emerged with the strategic upper hand, retaining control over Jerusalem but allowing Christian pilgrims safe passage to the city following a treaty. By the end of the Third Crusade, it can be seen that Saladin was the one who had victory over the Crusaders in retaining Jerusalem.