Final answer:
Deng Xiaoping's policies in China included economic reforms aimed at increasing productivity and improving living standards while preserving Communist Party control. This involved the introduction of market mechanisms, private enterprise, and foreign investment within a generally state-directed economy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Under Deng Xiaoping, the Chinese Communist Party began pursuing policies designed to modernize China's economy through economic reform while maintaining political control. The policies, known as the "Four Modernizations," focused on revitalizing agriculture, industry, defense, and science and technology.
Unlike his predecessor Mao Zedong, Deng introduced market-oriented reforms that permitted a degree of private property and free market activities, though still under the auspices of the Communist Party.
goal was to increase economic productivity and improve the standard of living. Measures included incentivizing agricultural production, allowing private businesses, opening the country to foreign investment, and less stringent control over state industries.
A middle class began to emerge, and China transitioned toward being a significant economic power with a large consumer market.
While Deng wanted to achieve the final goal of communism where a product-based economy rather than profit would dominate, he understood the need for China to adapt in order to survive in a globalizing world.
To ensure ongoing party rule, controls on aspects like religion and media were tightened, but the economic imperatives took precedence during his leadership. Deng reshaped China's economy in ways that continue to impact the country today, leading to a unique blend of state-directed economic development within a partially market-oriented framework.