Final answer:
Citizens must go through a process called reconstruction to restore their state to the federal Union. This process involves declaring loyalty, drafting a new constitution, and repudiating the Confederate government's debt.
Step-by-step explanation:
To restore their state to the federal Union, citizens had to go through a process called reconstruction. In the mid-1860s, Congress passed several measures that outlined the requirements for readmission to the Union. These requirements included declaring loyalty, drafting a new constitution that abolished slavery, and repudiating the Confederate government's debt. Only voters who could swear an 'iron-clad' oath of past and future loyalty could participate in the process. The reconstructed states would only be readmitted to the Union if they followed these steps.