Final Answer:
The rise of communism in the Soviet Union was influenced by the abolition of serfdom, which created social unrest. Widespread poverty and food shortages further fueled discontent among the population. Additionally, the writings of Karl Marx provided the ideological framework that guided the Bolshevik Revolution. so, the correct options are A. The abolition of serfdom, C. Food shortages and D. The writings of Karl Marx.
Step-by-step explanation:
Abolition of Serfdom (A): The abolition of serfdom in 1861 freed the Russian peasants from feudal obligations, but it also led to social and economic challenges. The emancipated peasants faced hardships, contributing to discontent that fueled revolutionary sentiments.
Food Shortages (C): Russia experienced severe food shortages, especially during World War I and the subsequent Russian Revolution. These shortages created widespread discontent among the population, providing fertile ground for revolutionary ideologies like communism.
Writings of Karl Marx (D): The writings of Karl Marx, particularly his theories on communism and class struggle, played a crucial role in shaping the ideological foundations of the Bolshevik Revolution. Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks drew inspiration from Marx's ideas to guide their revolutionary efforts.
therefore, the options are A. The abolition of serfdom, C. Food shortages and D. The writings of Karl Marx.