Final answer:
The central idea in literature that expresses the author's insights on human existence is known as the theme. It connects various elements of the narrative and is not just a simple message, but a complex set of ideas relating to life and society.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding the Theme in Literature:
The central idea of a work of literature that the author wants to communicate about a subject, which is usually not stated directly, is called the theme. This theme is the unifying concept that connects the plot points, conflicts, and characters to a greater overarching message. It is often a reflection on humanity, society, or life and can encompass abstract ideas such as love, jealousy, or friendship. A theme is not just a singular message but can be a complex set of ideas that the author explores through the narrative.
For instance, Hamlet by William Shakespeare might explore themes such as grief, vengeance, or political corruption. These themes help to provide a deeper understanding of the text and its implications about human nature and the human condition.
It is important to note that literature should not be reduced to simple messages or morals, as this can oversimplify the richness of the text. Themes are meant to suggest some of the complexities and contradictions present in human existence, rather than present a straightforward lesson or moral.