Final answer:
The direct effect of humans learning to domesticate plants and animals was the development of complex agricultural techniques, which marked the shift from nomadic lifestyles to settled societies and enabled technological advancements in farming. The correct option is A) Complex agricultural techniques
Step-by-step explanation:
The innovation that would be a direct effect of humans learning to adapt over time and ultimately domesticate both plants and animals is Complex agricultural techniques. The process of domestication allowed for the development of agriculture, which is the deliberate cultivation of edible plants and the controlled rearing of animals. This marked the beginning of farming and sedentary human societies and led to advancements in technology needed to manage crop production and animal husbandry more effectively.
In the Neolithic Revolution, as humans transitioned from hunter-gatherers to agriculturalists, it became necessary to enhance agricultural productivity. As people harnessed animals to pull a plow, for instance, they could cultivate far more land than by using simple hand-held tools. This technological leap enabled one family to produce enough food to sustain not just themselves but others as well, fostering the growth of larger settlements and the evolution of trade markets and specialization in various crafts.
Ultimately, this shift laid the groundwork for growing populations, socioeconomic structures, and the development of civilization. As cultivation techniques became more sophisticated, they also indirectly influenced other areas of human knowledge and technology, including architecture for grain storage and trade routes for economic exchange.
Therefore, the answer to the student's question is A) Complex agricultural techniques.
The correct option is A) Complex agricultural techniques