Question

How did Nineteenth Century Imperialism Create Problems for Modern Africa?

A. It established stable governments and infrastructure in Africa.
B. It fostered economic growth and development in African nations.
C. It led to the exploitation of African resources and the division of Africa into artificial boundaries.
D. It promoted cultural exchange and unity among African societies.

Answer 1

Nineteenth Century Imperialism in Africa led to resource exploitation and the creation of artificial boundaries that ignore ethnic and social structures. It prevented the rise of a wealthy capitalist class, impeded industrial advancement, and established governance systems that fostered ethnic divisions and corruption. The effects of imperialism continue to affect Africa through ongoing conflict and economic challenges.

Step-by-step explanation:

Nineteenth Century Imperialism created numerous problems for modern Africa, primarily by leading to the exploitation of African resources and the division of Africa into artificial boundaries (Option C). During this period, varying degrees of attention were given to education, medical care, and infrastructure development in the African colonies. While there were some technology transfers from Europe that brought efficiencies to Africa's economic activities, the overall effect of colonialism was negative, setting up economic dependencies that lasted long after independence.

Imperial powers drew national boundaries with economic resources in mind rather than considering the ethnic groups and societies that resided therein, which has led to ongoing conflicts. Moreover, African political and economic development was stymied as Europeans prevented the rise of a wealthy capitalist class and restricted technological and industrial advancement. Upon obtaining independence, many African nations were ill-prepared for self-governance due to the lack of development in infrastructure and political organization, and the artificial borders left behind by colonial powers exacerbated ethnic conflicts.

Additionally, colonialism entrenched a two-tiered system of governance and fostered unequal social structures. For instance, in Rwanda, the favoring of the Tutsi over the Hutus by colonial powers contributed to heightened ethnic divisions. The overall legacy of imperialism in Africa is characterized by high levels of government corruption, poorly developed industries, and borders drawn to benefit imperial powers, leading to violent ethnic conflict and persistent economic struggles.