Final answer:
During the early 1900s, Britain ruled India, and the Radicals within the Congress party eventually called for an end to cooperation with the British. Gandhi emerged as a leading figure for Indian independence and advocated for peaceful resistance and economic boycotts. Major historical developments also occurred throughout the Middle East and Latin America, with the rise and fall of empires, notable leaders, and foreign policies like the Monroe Doctrine and the Good Neighbor Policy affecting these regions.
Step-by-step explanation:
As a result of Imperialism, the country that ruled India in the early 1900s was Britain. Initially, the Congress party pledged support for the crown, but eventually the Radicals within the group called for an end to the cooperation with Britain. Gandhi was a man who helped Indians achieve independence and was also keen on assisting the lowest social class in India, known as the untouchables. After World War I, the Indian fight for independence was renewed, with Gandhi advocating for peaceful resistance. He also called for Indians to form a boycott, refusing to buy English goods. During Gandhi's arrest, the conflicts between two major religious groups in India, the Muslims and the Hindus, became more pronounced. The Middle East is the birthplace of three major religions—Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. Before World War I, the Ottoman Empire controlled the Middle East, but by the end of the war, their rule was limited to modern-day Turkey. Great Britain received the lands called Palestine, Transjordan, and Iraq to govern on behalf of the League of Nations, an arrangement that many locals opposed. Turkey became a republic after overthrowing the last Ottoman Emperor. Persia, led by Reza Shah Pahlavi, overthrew governments influenced by Great Britain and France and became the country of Iran. In Arabia, a sheikh named Ibn Saud expanded his power, founding modern Saudi Arabia. The Mandate for Palestine was a British document that acknowledged Palestine as the homeland for Jewish people but also recognized the rights of the Arab peoples, sparking ongoing conflict. The region's wealth in oil attracted significant foreign interest. In Latin America, despite long-standing independence, many countries were ruled by Caudillos, or political strongmen. In Mexico, Alvaro Obregon brought economic progress without free elections, leading to revolution and the rise of Venustiano Carranza. The United States, which had proclaimed the Monroe Doctrine, later implemented the Good Neighbor Policy to respect Latin American rights. In China, two key leaders were Sun Yat-sen, who overthrew the Qing Dynasty, and Chiang Kai-shek, who led the Nationalist government and the fight against the communist forces under Mao Zedong.