Final answer:
The major causes of death vary in each stage of the demographic transition. In Stage 1, high birth rates and high infant mortality are the major causes. In Stage 2, infectious diseases are prevalent. In Stage 3, non-communicable diseases and an aging population are the major causes. In Stage 4, lifestyle-related diseases and population decline are the major causes.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Stage 1 of the demographic transition, the major causes of death include high birth rates and high infant mortality. This is because in pre-industrial societies, healthcare and sanitation are limited, leading to a higher likelihood of diseases and infections that can cause death in infants and young children. Examples of Stage 1 countries include the 1800s United States.
In Stage 2, infectious diseases are prevalent due to factors such as poor sanitation and limited access to healthcare. These diseases can cause death at any age, not just in infants. Currently, Afghanistan is in Stage 2.
In Stage 3, non-communicable diseases become more common as societies become more industrialized. These diseases, such as heart disease and cancer, are often associated with an aging population. Mexico's population is currently in Stage 3.
In Stage 4, lifestyle-related diseases such as obesity and diabetes become more prominent, along with a declining population. This stage is typically seen in post-industrial societies. A country in Stage 4 is Sweden.