Final answer:
Electron dot diagrams or Lewis dot structures illustrate the valence electrons around an element's symbol. For ions, these diagrams reflect the loss or gain of electrons that form the ion's charge. For example, Na+ has no dots because it loses one electron, while Cl- has eight dots because it gains one electron.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question involves drawing Electron dot diagrams for various ions. Electron dot diagrams, also known as Lewis dot structures, represent the valence electrons of an atom or ion around the symbol of the element.
Here are examples for each ion listed:
- Chloride ion (Cl-): All seven valence electrons of chlorine plus one additional electron to show the extra negative charge.
- Sodium ion (Na+): The sodium atom loses its one valence electron, so no dots are shown around the Na+ symbol.
- Hydride ion (H-): The hydrogen atom gains one extra electron, showing a total of two dots.
- Hydrogen ion (H+): The hydrogen atom loses its one valence electron, so no dots are shown around the H+ symbol.
- Aluminum ion (Al+3): Aluminum loses three valence electrons, so no dots are shown for the Al+3.
- Nitride ion (N-3): Nitrogen has five valence electrons and gains three more, for a total of eight dots representing a filled shell.
- Oxide ion (O-2): Oxygen has six valence electrons and gains two more, showing eight dots total.
- Calcium ion (Ca+2): Calcium loses two valence electrons, so no dots are shown around the Ca+2 symbol.
When drawing these diagrams, it's important to place the dots so they first fill each side of the elemental symbol (up, down, left, right) before pairing up.