Final answer:
The discovery refers to a new type of algae with interconnected cells that remain connected after cell division, akin to filamentous structures found in certain fungi and analogous to the transport cells in vascular plants.
Step-by-step explanation:
Scientists have discovered a new type of algae characterized by chains of identical cells that remain interconnected after division. Such an organism would best be described as a new type of algae with interconnected cells, meaning the correct option is (A) A new type of algae with interconnected cells. Similar to certain fungi that produce mushrooms with interconnected hyphae, this alga exhibits basic filamentous structure. True multicellularity in algae, such as that seen in brown algae, includes cellular differentiation and tissues with specific functions, such as transport cells for moving carbohydrates. These function analogously to the cells found in vascular plants.