Final answer:
c) explain or interpret the things you observe.
You are inferring when you explain or interpret the things you observe, which is a central aspect of scientific inquiry and critical thinking.
Step-by-step explanation:
You are inferring when you explain or interpret the things you observe. This process is fundamental in scientific inquiry. For example, when observing natural phenomena, a scientist makes observations, infers a hypothesis, and then designs an experiment to test this hypothesis. An inference goes beyond basic observation and requires applying logic and understanding to reach a conclusion.
Predictions are also an important part of testing a hypothesis. For instance, if you predict that moths with eye spots on their wings are less likely to be eaten by birds, this prediction can be tested by observing the interactions between birds and moths.
If the evidence gathered from observations supports the prediction, it strengthens the hypothesis. However, it's important to note that a hypothesis cannot be conclusively proven; it can only be supported by accumulating evidence.
In the context of the student's question, the correct answer is 'c) explain or interpret the things you observe'. When a doctor diagnoses an illness or a mechanic diagnoses car troubles, they are using inference to draw conclusions based on their observations and expertise.