Final answer:
By noon, the temperature in Madison, Wisconsin increased by 23°C, the temperature in Madison, Wisconsin at noon is d) Not enough information provided.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question states that the temperature in Madison, Wisconsin increased by 23°C by noon. However, it does not provide the starting temperature, so we cannot determine the temperature at noon.
In order to determine the temperature at noon, we need to know the starting temperature or have additional information about the temperature change. Therefore the correct answer is d) Not enough information provided.