Final answer:
If a large spacecraft is placed near an asteroid, it is believed that the gravitational pull from the spacecraft could alter the asteroid's path. The technique hing-es on precise calculations and understanding of the asteroid's composition to ensure a successful deflection.
Step-by-step explanation:
Scientists believe that if a large spacecraft is placed near an asteroid, the gravitational pull generated by the spacecraft's mass could change the path of the asteroid. The concept of using gravity as a tool for redirecting the trajectory of celestial bodies is based on techniques that have been employed by space missions where a spacecraft acquires an energy boost or redirection by flying near a massive planet. This gravitational assistance not only changes the speed of the spacecraft but can also be used to adjust the orbit of asteroids. The precision with which this is done is crucial, as an incorrect orbit could result in a collision with Earth.
Understanding the density and structure of an asteroid is vital for calculating the efficacy of a deflection technique. A solid rocky asteroid would react differently to an impact or a nearby explosion compared to a loosely bonded rubble pile. Other forces, such as solar wind or the effects of cosmic radiation, don't play a significant role in this context.