Question

Which of the following is an advantage of using filtration as a technique for separating a mixture?

OPTION 1: ability to remove impurities
OPTION 2: longevity of materials
OPTION 3: amount of pressure needed
OPTION 4: ability to remove pathogens

Answer 1

The advantage of using filtration to separate a mixture is the ability to remove impurities, including microscopic impurities and pathogens like bacteria, with specific filters such as HEPA and membrane filters offering high efficiency.

Step-by-step explanation:

One major advantage of using filtration as a technique for separating a mixture is the ability to remove impurities. Filtration involves passing a fluid (either a liquid or gas) through a porous medium that allows the fluid to pass while trapping solid particles. This method is highly effective for separating a heterogeneous mixture such as removing sand from water. Furthermore, specific types of filters, such as HEPA filters and membrane filters, are designed to remove even microscopic impurities and pathogens, including bacteria and, in some instances, viruses.

For example, HEPA filters with an effective pore size of 0.3 µm are capable of capturing bacterial cells and endospores in air filtration systems. Membrane filters are similar in function but are used for liquids; with a pore size typically at 0.2 µm, they are effective for removing bacteria from heat-sensitive solutions or for filter sterilizing culture media without applying heat.