Final answer:
An experiment is a scientific investigation performed under controlled conditions to test the relationship between variables. Sampling is the process of selecting a representative subset from a larger population, while simulation creates virtual models to study real-world systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
- Experiment: An experiment is a special type of scientific investigation that is performed under controlled conditions, usually in a laboratory. An experiment generally tests how one variable is affected by another. For example, in a biology experiment, researchers may investigate the effect of different fertilizers on plant growth.
- Observational Study: An observational study is a type of research method where researchers observe and collect data on individuals or groups without intervening or manipulating any variables. For instance, in a sociology study, researchers may observe and record the social interactions of a particular community.
- Sampling: Sampling refers to the process of selecting a representative subset, or sample, from a larger population. This allows researchers to make inferences about the population based on the characteristics of the sample. For example, in a statistics study, researchers may use random sampling to select a group of students to survey about their study habits.
- Simulation: Simulation involves creating a model or representation of a real-world system or process. By manipulating variables in the simulated environment, researchers can observe the effects and outcomes of different scenarios. For instance, in a physics simulation, researchers may create a virtual environment to study the motion of projectiles.