Final answer:
A water molecule consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms, creating a polar molecule. The oxygen atom has a slightly negative charge, while the hydrogen atoms have a slightly positive charge. This polarity and separation of charge make water a polar molecule.
Step-by-step explanation:
The structure of a water molecule consists of one oxygen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. The oxygen atom has a slightly negative charge, while the hydrogen atoms have a slightly positive charge. This polarity is due to the oxygen atom attracting the shared electrons of the covalent bonds more strongly than the hydrogen atoms.
The electrical charge is distributed over the water molecule in a way that creates a separation of charge, resulting in a net dipole. The oxygen end of the molecule has a partial negative charge, while the hydrogen end has a partial positive charge.
This polarity and separation of charge make water a polar molecule, meaning it has a positive and a negative pole. The polarity of water allows it to form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules or ions, which gives water many of its unique properties.