Place a plane mirror vertically on a flat surface. Shine a beam of light onto the mirror at an angle of incidence, θi. Measure the angle of reflection, θr, using a protractor. Repeat this process for various angles of incidence.
The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. In this experiment, as the angle of incidence changes, observe how the angle of reflection also changes accordingly. This verifies the first law of reflection.
Additionally, ensure that the incident ray, reflected ray, and the normal (a line perpendicular to the mirror at the point of incidence) all lie in the same plane. This verifies the second law of reflection.
By consistently observing that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection and that the incident, reflected rays, and normal are coplanar, the experiment confirms the validity of the laws of reflection. This aligns with the fundamental principles governing the reflection of light on a plane mirror.