Question

Based on the fossil record and other evidence, scientists believe that eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes. Select any four differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells from the list below, and describe how a prokaryotic cell would differ from a eukaryotic cell for each difference.

a) Cell size
b) Membrane-bound nucleus
c) Membrane-enclosed organelles
d) Cytoplasm
e) DNA structure
f) Cell division
g) Sexual reproduction

Answer 1

Prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells in terms of cell size, the presence of a membrane-bound nucleus, and the presence of membrane-enclosed organelles.

Step-by-step explanation:

Cell Size: Prokaryotic cells are significantly smaller than eukaryotic cells, allowing for quicker movement of ions and molecules. Eukaryotic cells have evolved structural adaptations to enhance cellular transport.

Membrane-Bound Nucleus: Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane that contains the genetic material.

Membrane-Enclosed Organelles: Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have various organelles that perform specialized functions, such as the mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum.