Final answer:
Demography is the study of populations, focusing on statistical changes over time, influenced by characteristics such as size, density, and age structure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The study of data such as death rates, income levels, disease prevalence, and other areas related to populations is known as Demography. Demography is a branch of social science that focuses on the statistical study of human populations. This field examines how birth rates, death rates, and life expectancies change over time and how these elements are influenced by various population characteristics, such as population size, density, sex ratio, and age structure. Moreover, demography is not just limited to analyzing current populations but also involves reconstructing past population features and making future predictions. Factors like a large population size can increase birth rates due to more individuals capable of reproduction but may also lead to higher death rates because of increased competition, disease spread, and waste accumulation. A high population density or clumped dispersion pattern can promote more encounters and potentially elevate the birth rate, while a female-biased sex ratio or a predominantly young age structure can further enhance the birth frequency.