Final answer:
Religion in Ancient Mesopotamia changed significantly over time, with the emergence of city-state gods, the power of the priesthood, and advancements in science and technology.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Ancient Mesopotamia, religion underwent significant changes over time. Initially, there was a sense of oneness with nature, but this was later abandoned for a sense of separation. Each city-state had its own god, who was male, and conflicts between city-states were viewed as conflicts between different gods.
The Mesopotamians believed that the gods were generally cruel and easily offended. The power of the priesthood was based on their ability to soothe and assuage the gods, preventing calamities. The priests also had a significant influence on the cities' governance and controlled economic output and labor.
Science and technology also developed alongside religious beliefs in Mesopotamia. Mesopotamians excelled as astronomers, engineers, and mathematicians. They had a complex system of arithmetic and invented the concept of a 360-degree angle. They also had a sophisticated understanding of astronomical events and developed a twelve-month calendar.
The Mesopotamians' belief in fickle and destructive gods influenced their generally pessimistic worldview. River flooding, wars, and difficult living conditions shaped their perception of the world.