Final answer:
Every species has a unique binomial scientific name recognized worldwide, meant to prevent confusion that could result from regional common names. While false scientific names (synonymy) and the grouping of multiple species under one name (homonymy) do exist, these are errors to be resolved, so the statement that organisms can have more than one scientific name is generally false.
Step-by-step explanation:
Organisms cannot have more than one scientific name according to the principles set by Carl Linnaeus in his binomial nomenclature system. However, due to historical taxonomy practices, one species may be referred to by different scientific names (synonymy) or one name may encompass multiple species (homonymy). The occurrence of synonymy can be high in some taxonomic groups due to the description of the same species in different regions without realizing it's the same species. Conversely, homonymy happens when cryptic species are so similar that they are initially classified under a single name; molecular analyses are then required to differentiate them.
Binomial nomenclature is a universally recognized system where each species is given a unique combination of a genus name (capitalized) and a species name (lowercase), both italicized when printed. For instance, the North American blue jay is known uniquely as Cyanocitta cristata and Homo sapiens refers to human beings. This system provides scientists globally with a standard language to refer to the same organism without confusion caused by regional common names, thus each species technically has only one valid scientific name.