Final answer:
Europe's influence in some African societies during this time period can be seen through cultural evidence, such as the impact of European art on African artists living in Europe and the disruptive effects of European colonization. Additionally, European participation in trade networks contested African control over their territory.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the time period in question, Europe's influence in some African societies can be seen through cultural evidence. One such example is the impact of European art on African artists living in Europe at the time. European artists' imaginations were shaped by their encounters with African people, and this influenced the art being produced. For instance, German artists in the Middle Ages created sculptures depicting African kings, which can be studied to understand their perceptions and representations of Africa.
Furthermore, the transatlantic slave trade and colonization by Europeans had a widespread disruptive effect on African countries. Many African cultures were depopulated, trade was disrupted, and societal structures were dismantled. The influence of European colonization is still evident in Africa today, reflecting Europe's significant impact on African societies during this time period.
Lastly, the expansion of Europe through trade networks and political contests also contested African control over their territory. European participation in trade networks such as the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean affected African societies, exerting influence and challenging African authority.