Final answer:
The Ottomans owned the city of Jerusalem for over 100 years, ruling from 1517 to 1917 and maintaining a policy of religious tolerance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The city of Jerusalem has been under various rulers throughout its history. In the context of the options given, the correct answer for who owned the city of Jerusalem for over 100 years is C. Ottomans. The Ottoman Empire controlled Jerusalem for a significant period, from 1517 until the end of World War I in 1917. After conquering Constantinople in 1453 and establishing their capital there, the Ottomans expanded their empire to include much of the Middle East, North Africa, and southeastern Europe. Under Ottoman rule, the governance of their empire was divided amongst different provinces called vilayets, with local governors overseeing each region. It is noteworthy that during their reign, the Ottomans generally maintained a policy of tolerance towards the followers of different religions in Jerusalem, allowing Christians, Jews, and Muslims to coexist albeit within a generally Islamic framework.