Final answer:
The Mamluks transformed Dar al Islam politically by establishing a strong military rule and centralizing power. They supported Islamic institutions and contributed to the Islamization of Africa.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Mamluks transformed Dar al Islam politically by establishing a strong military rule and centralizing power. They used their military strength to gain control over different territories and ensure law and order in the Muslim-held portions of the Mediterranean. The Mamluks also supported Islamic institutions, built mosques and madrasas, and contributed to the Islamization of Africa.