Final answer:
Religious organizations can refuse to employ someone based on their religious belief. BFOQs are requirements of certain occupations. Discrimination based on sex or gender is subject to a three-part test to determine the existence of a BFOQ.
Step-by-step explanation:
Under the law, religious organizations may refuse to employ someone based on their religious belief. Bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQs) are requirements of certain occupations that, if denied, would otherwise violate the law. In terms of employment discrimination based on sex or gender, courts have established a three-part test to determine whether a BFOQ exists. The first test considers whether all or substantially all women would be unable to perform the job, while the second test examines whether hiring the other gender would undermine the essence of the business operation. The third test assesses whether reasonable alternative accommodations can be made to avoid discrimination.