Final answer:
The holder will receive $1,600 when the bond matures. Whether the firm would call the bond depends on additional information. The sinking fund requirement would reduce the firm's outstanding debt over time.
Step-by-step explanation:
A bond with a coupon rate of 5%, a principal of $1,000, and a term of 12 years will pay $50 in interest annually for 12 years. When the bond matures, the holder will receive the principal amount of $1,000. Therefore, the total amount the holder will receive when the bond matures is $1,000 + (12 * $50) = $1,600.
To determine whether the firm would call this bond, we need more information. If the bond is selling below its face value (at a discount), the firm may choose to call it. If the bond is selling above its face value (at a premium), the firm is unlikely to call it. Without this information, it is not possible to determine whether the firm would call the bond or not.
If the bond has a sinking fund that requires the firm to set aside $100 million annually with a trustee, the sinking fund account will accumulate money over time. This will reduce the firm's outstanding debt and potentially reduce the risk associated with the bond. It is important to note that sinking fund requirements vary, and more information is needed to provide an accurate answer.