Final answer:
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model consists of seven layers that work together to ensure the integrity of data communication over a network. Each layer has its own functions and protocols. The seven layers of the OSI model are the Physical Layer, Data Link Layer, Network Layer, Transport Layer, Session Layer, Presentation Layer, and Application Layer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Seven Layers of the OSI Model
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a framework that defines how computer systems communicate over a network. It consists of seven layers, each with its own set of functions and protocols. These layers work together to ensure the integrity of data communication.
1. Physical Layer
The Physical layer is responsible for the actual transmission of data over network hardware. It deals with the electrical, mechanical, and physical aspects of network communication. Protocols commonly used in this layer include Ethernet and Wi-Fi
2. Data Link Layer
The Data Link layer handles the error-free transmission of data frames between two nodes on a network. It governs how data is organized into frames and provides error detection and correction. Example protocols in this layer are Ethernet and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP).
3. Network Layer
The Network layer is responsible for logical addressing and routing of data packets between different networks. It determines the best path for data to travel and uses Internet Protocol (IP) for addressing and routing. The most common protocol in this layer is the Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4).
4. Transport Layer
The Transport layer ensures reliable delivery of data between end systems. It manages data segmentation, flow control, and error recovery. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) are common protocols used at this layer.
5. Session Layer
The Session layer establishes, manages, and terminates connections between applications. It allows applications on different devices to establish a session and exchange data. This layer often uses connection-oriented protocols such as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Session Control Protocol (SCP).
6. Presentation Layer
The Presentation layer ensures data compatibility between different systems. It is responsible for data formatting, encryption, and compression. Common protocols in this layer include Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).
7. Application Layer
The Application layer enables user access to network services. It provides a platform for applications to exchange data and interact with the network. Examples of protocols in this layer are File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Domain Name System (DNS), and Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).