Final answer:
MAC-address filtering restricts network access based on device MAC addresses, while IP address filtering controls access based on IP address ranges. IP filtering is often seen as more scalable and flexible, especially for larger networks or internet-facing services, though both may be used together for robust network security.
Step-by-step explanation:
MAC-address filtering is a security measure that allows network administrators to create a list of permitted device identifiers (the MAC addresses) to control access to a network. When a device attempts to join the network, its MAC address is checked against this list; if it's not on the list, access is denied. This is often used in wireless networks to prevent unauthorized access, but it can also be used on wired networks.
IP address filtering, on the other hand, controls access based on the IP address of the incoming connection. This mechanism can be used to block or allow traffic from specific IP ranges, thus enforcing a measure of control over which computers can send or receive traffic through a network.
Regarding effectiveness, IP address filtering may be seen as more flexible and powerful for larger networks. This is because MAC addresses are tied to specific devices, and managing a large number of these can be complex. IP address filtering can use ranges and is therefore more scalable. Additionally, IP addresses are routed over the internet, while MAC addresses are not, making IP filters more relevant for internet-facing services.
However, each method has its use cases, and they are often used in conjunction for layered network security. For example, MAC-address filtering can provide an initial layer of defense at the access point level, preventing unauthorized devices from joining a LAN, while IP filtering can provide broader traffic management across the network.