Final answer:
The modular inverse of 677 modulo 12345 is found using the extended Euclidean algorithm, which in this case gives -2407. To get a positive inverse, add 12345 to -2407 until it is positive, resulting in 10,938.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student has asked how to find the modular inverse of 677 modulo 12345, using the extended Euclidean algorithm. The extended Euclidean algorithm returns a tuple of three values (g, x, y) such that g = ax + by, where g is the greatest common divisor of a and b, and x and y are the coefficients such that ax + by = g. In this case, since the algorithm returns (1, 132, -2407), it means 12345*132 + 677*(-2407) = 1. Looking at this equation modulo 12345, we can notice that 677*(-2407) is congruent to 1 modulo 12345, so -2407 is the modular inverse of 677 modulo 12345. However, we conventionally represent the modular inverse as a positive integer, so we add 12345 to -2407 until we get a positive value. The result is 10,938, which is the inverse of 677 modulo 12345.