Final answer:
Hackers use various tactics to infiltrate systems and gain unauthorized access to sensitive information. Organizations can mitigate these attacks through vulnerability assessments, strong authentication methods, network segmentation, and encryption. Tools like Nessus, Shodan, and Wireshark can assist in these mitigations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hackers use various tactics to infiltrate systems and gain unauthorized access to sensitive information. Some common attacks include vulnerability analysis, where hackers exploit weaknesses in software or systems; brute force attacks, where hackers attempt to guess passwords through trial and error; spoofing, where hackers impersonate legitimate entities to deceive users; and network sniffing, where hackers intercept and analyze network traffic to obtain data.
To mitigate these attacks, organizations can employ different strategies. They can conduct regular vulnerability assessments to identify and fix potential vulnerabilities. They can implement strong authentication methods to prevent brute force attacks. They can use network segmentation and access controls to minimize the impact of spoofing. And they can encrypt network traffic to make it harder for hackers to sniff and extract data.
There are several tools available for these mitigations. For vulnerability analysis, tools like Nessus and OpenVAS can scan systems for vulnerabilities. For passive research, tools like Shodan and Netcraft can provide information about network assets and vulnerabilities. For brute force attacks, tools like Hydra and Medusa can automate password guessing. For network mapping and OS fingerprinting, tools like Nmap and Zenmap can identify devices and operating systems. And for network sniffing, tools like Wireshark and tcpdump can capture and analyze network traffic.