Final answer:
After the decline of incrementalism in budgeting in Zambia, new concepts and approaches emerged, such as program budgeting, performance-based budgeting, and participatory budgeting.
Step-by-step explanation:
After the decline of incrementalism in budgeting in Zambia, a transition period occurred where new concepts, approaches, and ideas emerged to explain the profound changes taking place. One important development during this period was the shift towards program budgeting. Program budgeting focuses on planning and allocating resources based on the goals and outcomes of specific programs or projects. This approach allows for greater accountability and transparency in resource allocation and promotes a more strategic use of funds.
Another key emergence was the adoption of performance-based budgeting. Performance-based budgeting emphasizes the measurement of program effectiveness and efficiency, using performance indicators to assess the success of budgetary decisions. By linking budgeting to performance outcomes, this approach aims to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of resource allocation.
Lastly, the decline of incrementalism in budgeting in Zambia led to an increased emphasis on public participation and participatory budgeting. Participatory budgeting involves the engagement of citizens in the budgeting process, allowing them to have a say in how public funds are allocated. This approach promotes transparency, accountability, and democratic decision-making.