Final answer:
Functionalism's four main purposes of government are maintaining law and order, meeting social needs, and equally distributing resources.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is d. Planning and directing society. Functionalism is a sociological perspective that views society as a complex system with various parts working together to maintain stability and harmony. According to functionalism, the four main purposes of government are:
- Maintaining law and order: Governments create and enforce laws to maintain social order and protect citizens from harm.
- Meeting social needs: Governments provide public services such as education, healthcare, and welfare programs to meet the needs of the population.
- Equally distributing resources: Governments aim to ensure fair distribution of resources, such as wealth and opportunities, to promote social equality.
- Planning and directing society: This option is not one of the main purposes of government according to functionalism. Rather, it focuses on the role of government in creating and implementing policies to guide social and economic development.