Final answer:
Isometric exercises are avoided in the elderly and post-heart attack patients due to the increased blood pressure and cardiovascular strain they cause. These exercises inhibit blood flow during sustained muscle contractions which can be risky for those with compromised heart health. Aerobic exercises, that promote cardiovascular health without excessive strain, are preferred.
Step-by-step explanation:
The physiological basis for excluding isometric exercises for elderly or individuals recovering from heart attacks lies in the nature of these exercises themselves. Isometric exercises involve muscle contractions without joint movement, leading to increased muscle tension and vascular compression, which can elevate blood pressure significantly.
This can create substantial stress on the cardiovascular system, which is especially dangerous for those with a heart condition or in the process of recovery. Moreover, during an isometric exercise, the continuous muscle tension can reduce blood flow and oxygen delivery to the heart, possibly triggering cardiac events in susceptible individuals.
After a heart attack or in individuals with advanced age, the goal is usually to improve cardiovascular health and muscular function while avoiding excessive strain on the heart. Therefore, exercise recommendations typically include low to moderate-intensity aerobic exercises that involve rhythmic activities to improve cardiovascular and respiratory efficiency, enhance lipid metabolism, and improve blood flow, without the pronounced blood pressure spikes associated with isometric activities.