Final answer:
The student's monthly profit from selling 40 magazines is $530, and the marginal profit per magazine sold is $13. The reference provided and Jade's budget example are not directly relevant to this specific calculation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student is asking for assistance with a mathematical problem involving profit calculation and marginal profit from selling magazines. To determine the profit P, we need to use the profit formula P = 9x + y(4x + 10) and substitute x with 40, as the student is selling 40 magazines per month.
Since there seems to be a typo in the formula (the presence of y), we will assume that the formula is P = 9x + (4x + 10). To find the monthly profit, we calculate P = 9(40) + (4(40) + 10), resulting in $530. Marginal profit is defined as the increase in profit when one additional unit is sold.
Given that profit is a linear function of x, the marginal profit equals the coefficient of x, which is the sum of 9 and 4, thus $13. The given reference about a profit-maximizing output level is not directly relevant to the student's question as the profit formula does not involve output level maximization, and Jade's budget example is entirely different from the student's profit scenario.